<h3>Last of the three gold kingdoms in the Niger River Valley, this empire declined after 1585?</h3>
What was the last of the three gold kingdoms in the Niger River Valley, this empire declined after 1585
<strong>Niger best answer:</strong>
<p><i>Answer by Chow Man Mal</i><br/>The Mali empire was based on outlying areas--even small kingdoms--pledging allegiance to Mali and giving annual tribute in the form of rice, millet, lances, and arrows. Slaves were used to clear new farmlands where beans, rice, sorghum, millet, papaya, gourds, cotton, and peanuts were planted. Cattle, sheep, goats, and poultry were bred.
The Mali Empire grew and prospered by monopolizing the gold trade and developing the agricultural resources along the Niger River.
The Mali Empire collapsed when several states, including Songhai, proclaimed and defended their independence.
The empire of Mali reached in zenith in the fourteenth century but its power and fame depended greatly on the personal power of the ruler. After the death of Mansa Musa and his brother Mansa Sulayman, Timbuktu was raided and burned. Several states revolted and seized their independence, including the Tuareg, Tukulor, and Wolof. The Mossi attacked trading caravans and military garrisons in the south. In the east, the Songhai gathered strength. Mali lasted another 200 years, but its glory days were over. By 1500, it had been reduced to little more than its Malinke heartland. By the seventeenth century, Mali had broken up into a number of small independent chiefdoms.
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<p><strong>Selling livestock feed in Niger</strong>
<img alt="Niger" src="http://farm4.staticflickr.com/3506/3986316689_b6e8abc5fb.jpg" width="400"/><br/>
<i>Image by <a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/7155605@N03/3986316689">ILRI</a></i>
Livestock feeds on sale in a market in Niger (photo credit: ILRI).</p>
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